Explanation text

Explanation text is a text that explains about a process or sequence of phenomena. 

There are 2 types of explanation text; sequential and cause and effect.

Purpose

An explanation text is written to explain how and why something (natural or socio-cultural phenomena) in the world happen. The text contains the process or sequence of the phenomena.

generic structures 
The generic structures of explanation text consists of three components.

1. Title
2. General statement -> Stating the phenomena or issues which are being explained.
3. Explanation -> Stating the series of steps which explain the issues or phenomena. 

language features 

1. Focusing generic participant -> an object or phenomenon which is being discussed, such as; rain, chocolate, etc. 
2. Using present tense -> This kind of text mostly applies present tense for its sentences, such as; "rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, ......."; Chocolate starts from a tree called cacao tree, and etc. 
3. Using chronological connectors -> The text applies chronological connectors / chronological connections / connectives, such as; first, second, third, then, after, after that, finally, so, as a consequence, and etc. 
4. Using passive voice -> The text sometimes applies passive form, such as; "... the beans are fermented for about a week, dried under the sun, and shipped to the chocolate maker...".   
5. Using noun, pronoun, verb, and etc. -> Like so many other text, explanation text absolutely applies a lot of nouns, pronouns (subject pronoun, object pronoun, possessive pronoun, demonstrative pronoun), action verb, and etc. 

Exampel

Honey

Everybody likes honey. Even, it can be a medicine for most deseases. How is Honey Made?
Honeybees use nectar to make honey. Nectar is almost 80% water with some complex sugars. In fact, if you have ever pulled a honeysuckle blossom out of its stem, nectar is the clear liquid that drops from the end of the blossom.
In North America, bees get nectar from flowers like clovers, dandelions, berry bushes and fruit tree blossoms. They use their long, tubelike tongues like straws to suck the nectar out of the flowers and they store it in their “honey stomachs”.
Bees actually have two stomachs, their honey stomach which they use like a nectar backpack and their regular stomach. The honey stomach holds almost 70 mg of nectar and when full, it weighs almost as much as the bee does. Honeybees must visit between 100 and 1500 flowers in order to fill their honeystomachs.

Exposition Text

Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.

Purposes:

  1. To persuade the readers that idea is important matter. 

   2. To persuade the readers or listeners that there is something that, certainly, needs to get attention

    3.      To analyze a topic and to persuade the reader that this opinion is correct and supported by arguments

Generic Structures:

      1.      Thesis (Introduction): Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position

    2.      Arguments (Body): Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position.

    3.      Reiteration (Conclusion): Restating the writer’s position.

Language Features:

      1.      Using relational process = Relationships between and among leaders, workers, followers, partners, co-workers, etc. people knowing and caring about people.

      2.      Using external conjunctions = Enhancing by linking to real world events (Holocaust, the Final Solution, death trains) 
3.      Using internal conjunction = Elaborating and itemizing steps in an argument (Firstly, secondly, next, finally) 
4.      Using causal conjunction = the cause of an event, because

  5. Using contrastive conjunction = but, nevertheless 
6. Using simple present tense = Bruno is quiet boy

   7.      Focusing on generic human and non-human participants, e.g.: car, pollution, leaded petrol car

     8. Using passive sentence

Example 

Tsunamis

Thesis》

Tsunamis are a series of powerful and destructive waves. Tsunami is the deadliest wave because the wave speed is incredibly fast. 

Body》
They are normally caused by earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions in, or close to an ocean. After some sort of underwater disturbance, this causes energy to rise up to sea level pushing the water high into the air. Gravity kicks in and pulls it down again and then consequently causing the water to filter out into many different directions.
When a tsunami begins to approach the shore the energy in the wave is compressed. As a result, the water is pushed up into the wave, resulting in a powerful tsunami.

Conclusion》
So, tsunamis happen because of natural disasters such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. People who live near the shoreline have to be careful because they are threatened by tsunamis whenever there is an earthquake.

 Narrative text

The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

Generic Structure of Narrative Text

1. Orientation

2. Complication

3. Resolution

4. Re-Orientation

Exampel :

The Legend of Surabaya

A long time ago, there were two animals, Sura and Baya. Sura was the name of a shark and Baya was a crocodile. They lived in a sea.

Once Sura and Baya were looking for some food. Suddenly, Baya saw a goat “Yummy, this is my lunch,” said Baya. “No way! This is my lunch. You are greedy” said Sura. Then they fought for the goat. After several hours, they were very tired.

Feeling tired of fighting, they lived in the different places. Sura lived in the water and Baya lived in the land. The border was the beach, so they would never fight again.

One day, Sura went to the land and looked for some food in the river. He was very hungry and there was not much food in the sea. Baya was very angry when he knew that Sura broke the promise. They fought again.

They both hit each other. Sura bit Baya’s tail. Baya did the same thing to Sura. He bit very hard until Sura finally gave up and went back to the sea. Baya was happy.